Richard Florida's Who is Your City? Main Idea--In today's creative economy, the real source of economic growth comes from clustering and concentration of talented and productive people
I.	Research Question: Does place matter??
II.	Why important??--"When the world is flat," Friedman writes, "you can innovate without having to emigrate." It's an old idea with a long history; "Death to Distance" Place, we've been led to believe, is no longer relevant. We should feel free to live wherever we please. 
III.	What is the answer?? The mistake scholars make is to see globalization as an either -- or proposition. It's not. Teach our new global reality lies in understanding that world is flat and spiky at the same time 
IV.	What is the method?? Study global emissions calculations 
A.	In China according to emission calculations, 68% of economic output is produced in places that house just 25% of its people. In India places with 26% of the population produced more than half (54%) of the nation's total output. 
B.	In the United States where regions produce economic output roughly in proportion to their population. The population and productive capacity of the US, as spiky as it is, is spread over a relatively large number of places. 
1.	Indian and Chinese entrepreneurs ran roughly 25% of all Silicon Valley startups 1980 to 1999, which generated $17 billion in annual revenue and about 58,000 jobs. By 2005, that percentage had increased to 30%.
2.	They're at most two dozen places worldwide to generate significant innovation (27);  commercial in innovation and scientific advance are both highly concentrated 
C.	Although one might not have to emigrate to innovate -, geographic concentration remains a prerequisite for cutting-edge innovation. (30)  in the past cities of one country or region competed for investment and for talent with other cities in that same country or region. 
1.	Now locations across the globe compete with one another. Increasingly most competitive global contests are for bright, innovative, and entrepreneurial people.   
V.	 Landscape of spiky world can be  characterized by four kinds of places
A.	First group comprises small number of locations that generate innovations. Those are the tallest spikes. They have capacity to attract global talent, generated a lot of knowledge, and produced lion share of global innovation. 
1.	Thanks to ever-increasing efficiency and long -- distance communication and transportation, ideas circulate among these places easily and constantly
B.	Second group includes regions that use established innovation and creativity -- often imported from other places -- to produce goods and services. Those are worlds emerging peaks. 
1.	Some of them such as Dublin, Seoul, and perhaps Singapore and Taipei are transitioning into places not only is knowledge that generate it. Most of them function primarily as manufacturing and service centers of 21st century global economy. From Guadalajara and Tijuana to Shanghai and Philippines, they produce world's goods
C.	Third group is composed of megacities of developing world -- with large population concentrations but insufficient economic activity to support their people. 
1.	Many of these mega -- cities are ravaged by large-scale "global slums" but dense concentrations of homelessness, poverty and deprivation, high levels of social and political unrest, and little meaningful economic activity. 
D.	Finally there are huge valleys of the spiky world -- rural areas in far-flung places that have little concentration of population or economic activity and little connection to the global economy. 
1.	Main difference between now and even a couple decades ago is not that whole world has become flatter that the world's spikes have become more dispersed, and that world skills or emerging peaks -- industrial and service centers -- have proliferated and shifted
E.	It's no longer sufficient to think a world in traditional binaries: rich and poor. For foreseeable future, mobile politics will hinge on growing tensions among world's growing peaks, sinking valleys, and shifting hills. 
1.	Talent -- attracting the "have" regions and talent exporting "have -- not" region (e.g., brain drain)s; and escalating a potentially devastating competition among second -- tier cities from Detroit to Nagoya to Bangalore for jobs, people, and investment
a.	Most of the world's conflicts -- even those seemingly unrelated to economics -- stemmed from underlying forces of a spiky world.   
2.	Top 10 Chinese regions account for just 16% of nation's population, yet they house nearly 45% of its talent -- reducing universities and 60% of its technological innovations (35)  
a.	a Chinese student of mine (Florida) summed it up so simply: "in Shanghai regular middle -- class people live better than those in the United States, on the countryside, just outside the city, people live in what can only be described as a pre-civilized conditions." 
3.	While emerging economies do stand to gain most from spiky globalization, it will not be immune to its negative effects. 
a.	Because modern communication makes world smaller at same time that globalization makes its spiky or, those trapped in valleys are looking directly up at peaks, growing disparities in wealth, opportunity, and lifestyle staring them right in the face 
4.	 Megn -- regions around San Francisco Bay Area. Claiming 13 million people more than $470 billion in output, it is a leading center of technology industry and venture capital and is home to a cluster of world -- class universities, each boasting its own specialty: 
a.	Stanford and UC Berkeley in science and engineering; UC San Francisco biotechnology; UC Davis and agriculture in winemaking. The region has established substantial capabilities and entertainment technology, housing companies such as Pixar, electronic arts, and industrial light and magic
5.	Joseph Shumpeter's theory that it is innovation and entrepreneurship -- not simply economies of scale and specialization -- that power economic growth and give rise to what he called the great gales of "creative destruction" that destroyed established systems and replace them with new firms and industries (63) 
a.	When people specially talented and creative ones come together, ideas flow more freely, and as a result individual and aggregate talents increase exponentially: and result amounts to much more than the sum of the parts
6.	The Mobile and the Rooted
a.	Hungarian born investor George Soros has said many times that if he stayed in his home country he would have amounted to little - there was simply no infrastructure there to which you can leverage his talents. 
b.	200 milion people - one in every 35 people worldwide - that outside the country in which they were born. And some city - regions in the United States, Canada, and Australia, ranks of foreign-born run upward of 40%. 
7.	Changing technology, increase trade, and ability to outsource routine functions have made highly skilled people less reliant on co- -- location of unskilled and moderately skilled.  
a.	As traditional middle -- class families are displaced by smaller, higher -- income households, population can decline even as economic growth continues.  
b.	How are we to maintain diversity of wealthy citizens regions remain inaccessible to people of different backgrounds? 
8.	"Geeks" and "Grunts
a.	In a US manufacturing jobs which made up 49% of all employment in 1950, declined to 27% in 1990 and 24% in 2005
F.	Networks
1.	Two kinds of social capital: bonding and bridging. Bonding represents close ties that exist within extended families are at the communities and is a phenomenon whose decline Putnam lamented. Bridging reflects looser ties that extend across and connect different groups.
a.	 For clustering, this second type is what matters.
b.	Bridging activities provide conditions for creativity, for that Eureka moment when new possibilities suddenly becomes apparent.
2.	Stanford University sociologist Mark Granovetter calls "strength of weak ties" 
a.	People actually find jobs through our numerous weak ties, rather than our strong ones, that really matter
b.	The strength of weak ties is that they bring us new information. Chances are, you and your friends, mostly the same circles. You know the same people, frequent the same places, and hereby the same opportunities. 
c.	Weak ties are more numerous and take less effort to maintain. Introduce a bit of chaos into the equation, which more often than not is key to identifying new opportunities and ideas